Description

GMP Bioscience™ EMEM–Premium includes:

– Sodium pyruvate: 5 mM
–  High glucose: 4.5 g/L
–  Non-essential amino acids (NEAA)
–  Sodium bicarbonate: 3.7 g/L
GMP Bioscience™ also offers customized EMEM formulations with variable bicarbonate and HEPES concentrations for precise pH control

– Phenol red: included as a visual pH indicator

Note: EMEM–Premium is protein-, lipid-, and growth factor-free. Supplementation with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) is recommended for optimal performance in most applications.

Mechanism:

While L-glutamine is an essential amino acid, it tends to break down over time, leading to the formation of harmful byproducts such as ammonia and pyrrolidine carboxylic acid. One strategy to reduce its degradation in culture media is by slowly supplementing it throughout the culture period. However, consistently monitoring and maintaining optimal levels can be labor-intensive and impractical.

A more efficient solution is to use L-alanyl-L-glutamine, which offers significantly greater stability in aqueous environments. Unlike free L-glutamine, it resists degradation and releases aminopeptidases at a controlled rate. This results in a sustained supply of L-glutamine and L- alanine, which are then utilized by cells for protein synthesis and energy metabolism via the TCA cycle.